Essential cohomology and extraspecial $p$-groups. Pham Anh Minh Department of Mathematics College of Sciences University of Hue Dai hoc Khoa hoc Hue Vietnam Abstract. Let $p$ be an odd prime number and let $G$ be an extraspecial $p$-group. The purpose of the paper is to show that $G$ has no non-zero essential mod-$p$ cohomology (hence, $H^*(G,\mathbb F_p)$ is Cohen-Macaulay) if and only if $|G| = 27$ and $exp(G) = 3$.