Authors' names: William Browder and Jonathan Pakianathan institutions: Princeton and University of Wisconsin, Madison. reprint -> to appear, Transactions of the A.M.S. Abstract: In this paper, the cohomology of p-central, powerful, p-groups with a certain extension property are studied. Such groups naturally correspond to Lie algebras and the paper exploits this relation to calculate their Fp-cohomology as a module over the Steenrod algebra. For example, a formula for the Bockstein based on the structure constants of the Lie algebra is obtained. Then the first few terms of the Bockstein spectral sequence are calculated and expressed in terms of the corresponding Lie algebra cohomologies. This is then used to study the integral cohomology of these p-groups.